Understanding Sensory Processing Differences in Autism

By Chardonnay Henry

Published by Autism Awareness Network (AAN)

As a follow-up to our recent “What Is Autism?” parent workshop, we want to dive deeper into a topic that often sparks questions and aha moments for families—sensory processing differences.

Many children and adults on the autism spectrum experience the world through a unique sensory lens. This means they may be over-responsive (hypersensitive) or under-responsive (hyposensitive) to sights, sounds, textures, smells, tastes, and movement. Understanding sensory processing differences can help parents, caregivers, and educators better support children in ways that are respectful, meaningful, and empowering.

What Are Sensory Processing Differences?

Sensory processing refers to the way the nervous system receives, interprets, and responds to sensory input from the environment. For individuals with autism, this system may function differently, causing strong reactions—or in some cases, little to no reaction—to everyday stimuli.

Here are a few examples:

• A child may cover their ears or cry in response to loud noises like sirens or vacuums.

• Another child may seek out movement, constantly jumping, spinning, or climbing.

• Some children are extremely sensitive to certain clothing textures or food consistencies.

• Others may appear unaware of physical touch or may crave deep pressure and tight hugs.

Why It Matters

When a child’s sensory needs are misunderstood, their behaviors can be misinterpreted as defiance, withdrawal, or lack of interest. In reality, they may be trying to cope with overwhelming input or seeking input to feel more grounded and safe.

By identifying sensory preferences and sensitivities, families can create supportive environments and routines. This might include:

• Providing noise-canceling headphones during loud events

• Offering fidget tools or chewy necklaces for focus

• Creating a quiet corner at home or school for breaks

• Working with an occupational therapist to develop a sensory diet

What Parents Can Do

1. Observe – Notice how your child reacts to different environments, textures, and experiences.

2. Validate – Let your child know their feelings and responses are valid.

3. Adapt – Make changes in your home, routines, or activities that help your child thrive.

4. Collaborate – Work with your child’s therapy and education team to include sensory supports in daily life.

You’re Not Alone

Every child is different, and sensory preferences may change over time. If you’re navigating this journey and feeling unsure, you’re not alone. The Autism Awareness Network is here to walk alongside you with resources, community, and support.

Stay connected for our next parent workshop where we’ll be exploring practical strategies to help regulate sensory systems at home